What are APIs?

An API is an Application Programming Interface, and it is like an external library web developers can use to add more functionality to their web app. Web APIs are accessed by HTTP calls to the API, sent either in GET or POST form. When using client-side javascript, we can use Ajax (Asynchronous Javascript and XML). Generally, Ajax will return JSON objects that the developer can parse into javascript objects to easily extract information from.

You can read more about APIs here and here.